The specialized field of sleep treatment includes the application of pharmacology, psychotherapy, educational methods, and electrosleep. Electrosleep methods have been widespread in many countries, and have gained increased attention in the United States since the mid-1970s. Electrosleep treatment has been used by the people for a wide range of ailments, including psychiatric and psychosomatic problems. It has even been used in relaxation training with cosmonaut and as an anesthesia. A somewhat different approach has developed in the United States and Canada. Sleep researchers and clinicians see the possibilities of the electrosleep method and are continuing such investigations as those reviewed. However, they tend to focus more on the development of sleep treatment methods that emphasize a combination of pharmacological, psychotherapeutic, and educational approaches. The patient is best cared for when the sleep specialist is working to assist the primary physician and thus becomes part of the treatment team. While Indianapolis Sleep Disorder Treatment clinics have tended to treat many ailments, their U.S. counterparts have turned their focus to sleep disorders first and other disorders secondarily.
Perhaps the major sleep disorder encountered is insomnia. The insomniac has difficulty in falling and/or remaining asleep and thus lacks sufficient sleep. Insomniacs usually show an elevated MM PI depression scale and arc more often middle-aged and female. Pharmacological treatments include hypnotic and psychotropic drugs. The most effective psychotherapy interventions are active and direct rather than psychodynamic. Usdin reports that a combination of both approaches is recommended for severe cases. Narcolepsy and hypersomnia are conditions of excessive sleep. Narcolepsy is associated with rapid-eye-movement (REM) disturbances and has a substantial genetic factor. Antidepressants and dietary considerations are recommended for both disorders. Psychotherapy may also be of benefit since there is evidence of stress-related narcoleptic attacks.
Teeth grinding during sleep can damage dental structures, is seen more frequently in females, can occur in response to life stress, and is associated with stage 2 sleep. Hypnosis, electromyograph biofeedback, and a variety of behavioral interventions are used in treatment. Drug treatment is secondary and emphasizes muscle relaxants. Sleep apnea is a potentially dangerous respiratory disturbance that involves a blockage of the upper airway and is frequently due to a loss of tonus of the pharyngeal constrictors with a resulting tendency of the tongue to relapse. The most extreme cases occur during REM sleep. Indianapolis Sleep Disorder Treatment includes pharmacological and mechanical methods designed to regulate oxygen usage. An interesting approach has been described by experts, the sleeper wears a mouth guard device that pulls and holds the tongue forward by suction.
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